SCHOENSWETTER, PETER1*, ANDREAS TRIBSCH2, HARALD NIKLFELD2, and TOD F. STUESSY2. 1Department of Plant Chorology and Vegetation Science, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna; 2Department of Systematics and Evolution of Higher Plants, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna. - Localization of glacial refugia for vascular plants in the European Alps: A comparative phylogeographic approach using AFLP-data.
As in most other mountain systems, in the European Alps there is a
great difference between the floristic composition of plant
communities growing on limestone and on siliceous bedrock. The
geological situation of large parts of the Alps - a central siliceous
core is flanked by peripheral limestone ranges - allows
straightforward localization of peripheral Pleistocene refugia for
plants growing on limestone. For silicicolous plants, this is not
possible. In our study we want to localize glacial refugia for the
latter based on the comparison of phylogeographic patterns of several
vascular plant taxa with palaeoclimatological data and patterns of
endemism. The investigated taxa exhibit contrasting distribution
patterns and have different ecological demands, but are all confined
to siliceous bedrock. Our sampling covers at least their entire
distributional areas in the Alps. This comparative phylogeographical
approach allows to search for common features and to avoid
miss-interpretation of individual cases. We present phylogeographies
of Androsace alpina, A. brevis, A. wulfeniana
(Primulaceae), Comastoma tenellum (Gentianaceae), Phyteuma
globulariifolium (Campanulaceae) and Saponaria pumila
(Caryophyllaceae) inferred from AFLP-fingerprinting. In spite of
differences in details there is a congruence in most phylogeographic
patterns indicating the existence of several peripheral Pleistocene
refugia. There are no hints for glacial survival in the formerly most
extensively glaciated areas in the highest and most central parts of
the Alps, i.e. "nunatak" regions defined by classical
biogeographers early in this century. In contrast, our data do
indicate survival in peripheral refugia and on peripheral nunataks
close to the margin of the Pleistocene ice sheet.
Key words: AFLP, comparative phylogeography, endemism, European Alps, glacial refugia, nunatak