Agro forests are indigenous land use systems wherein trees and shrubs are grown or nurtured within the agricultural landscape. Agro forests in India consist of preservation of trees along agricultural field margins or bunds. We surveyed species composition of five agro forests in the rural areas of Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state. In each agro forest, we recorded species names and girth at breast height (GBH) of 100 trees randomly encountered along a 1 km long and 10m wide belt transect. The trees were also examined for lopping or other signs of destructive anthropogenic use. Results indicated that the agro forests were composed solely of economically valuable species yielding non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as Terminalia chebula , Buchanania lanzon and Madhuca indica. Species composition within the agro forests varied from the nearby forests. However, regeneration of the agro forest species was absent within the agro forests and was observed only in the adjoining forest ecosystems. Populations of the trees in the agro forest areas consisted only of adult, mature trees. Selective preservation and conservation of species in an agro forest system can be contributed to factors such as land ownership and economic use of species being observed. Though agro forests are an indigenous means of conservation, lack of tree species within these ecosystems is a concern. Agro forests are a viable means of conservation only if embedded within a landscape of healthier plant populations.

Key words: Agro forests, India, Madhya Pradesh, NTFPs